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Mahatma Gandhi: Peaceful RevolutionaryTHE LIGHT has gone out of our lives," said Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, in an impromptu radio address upon Gandhi's martyrdom; "there is darkness everywhere." Could it really be that Gandhi's light ceased to shine since he was no longer with us in his puny bundle of flesh and bones? Correcting himself, Nehru continued: "I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country for these many years will illumine this country for many more years; and a thousand years later, that light will be seen in this country, and the world will see it and it will give solace to innumerable hearts. For that light represented something more than the immediate present; it represented the living truth . . . the eternal truths, reminding us of the right path, drawing us from error, taking this ancient country to freedom."1 |
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MuhammadThe Muslim world extends continuously from Senegal to Pakistan, and discontinuously eastwards to the Philippines. In 1977 there were some 720 million Muslims, just over a sixth of the world's population. The proportion might have been a great deal higher if the Muslims of Spain had applied themselves more energetically to the conquest of Europe in the eighth century, |
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The Affirmative Action DebateA report by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights provides the context for today's contentious debate over affirmative action. It notes: "Historically, discrimination against minorities and women was not only accepted, but was also governmentally required. The doctrine of white supremacy, used to support the institution of slavery, was so much part of American custom and policy that the Supreme Court of the United States in 1857 [in the Dred Scott decision] approvingly concluded that both the North and the South regarded slaves 'as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.'" |
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The Crusade against Slavery, 1830-1860,IN THE 1830's and after the winds of reform shook the United States more furiously than ever they had since the Revolution. Not only were there more causes than before, but, in an era of "the rise of the common man," they affected more people. In such an atmosphere of unrest, the status of the Negro, both enslaved and |
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THE DEATH PENALTY: A WORLD-WIDE PERSPECTIVEDespite the fact that the movement to abolish the death penalty got under-way in the mid-nineteenth century, by 1965 when Norval Morris reported to the United Nations, only 12 countries (plus a few constituent states) had completely abolished it, and a further 11 countries had abolished it for ordinary crimes in peacetime. Since then the abolitionist position has been embraced by an ever increasing number of countries. |
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The Ethics of Abortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice,For at least twenty years now, the issue of abortion has grown increasingly difficult. Few issues have more thoroughly fragmented contemporary society. Operation Rescue and Rescue America, large anti-abortion organizations, have organized thousands of protest actions against clinics that perform or refer for abortions, against physicians who perform abortions, and against organizations that even indirectly are supportive of the practice of abortion. The people in these anti-abortion groups act with the fervor of absolute moral conviction. Likewise, women and men with equal fervor vow they will not allow abortion again to become a "back alley" activity requiring women to risk their fives to obtain what should be a safe and simple surgical procedure. So far as one can estimate such things apart from individual personal convictions, sincerity and integrity appear in equal measure on both sides. |
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The Politics of Gun Control,THE furor over gun control has raged across the American landscape for decades, with a sustained intensity and intractability found among few other issues. Despite all that has been written on the subject, no comprehensive political and policy analysis on gun control exists, even though the gun debate is precisely a political dispute over the proper scope and consequences of government policy. |
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Theses and Dissertations: A Guide to Planning, Research, and WritingTraditionally in academia, the two main purposes of master's-degree and doctoral projects are (a) to provide graduate students guided practice in conducting and presenting research and (b) to make a contribution to the world's fund of knowledge or to improve the conduct of some activity. |
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